What You Need to Know
During fermentation, yeast metabolizes glucose via glycolysis to pyruvate, which is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde and then reduced to ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase. CO₂ is released as a by‑product, and minor compounds such as glycerol, diacetyl, and esters contribute to flavor complexity.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Fermentation of sugars to ethanol and CO₂ via glycolysis and alcoholic fermentation