What You Need to Know
The citric acid in lemon or lime juice lowers the surface pH to 3.5–4.0, creating an environment hostile to Clostridium botulinum and other pathogens. It reacts with myofibrillar proteins, causing partial denaturation that reduces water‑binding capacity and increases firmness. Excessive exposure (>48 h) can over‑denature proteins, leading to a mushy texture.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Citric acid + myofibrillar proteins → denatured protein complexes