What You Need to Know
During composting, microbial communities break down complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into simpler molecules, releasing CO₂ and H₂O while forming humic substances that improve soil structure. The process is driven by temperature, moisture, aeration, and the carbon‑to‑nitrogen ratio, which together regulate microbial metabolism and the rate of organic matter turnover.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Aerobic microbial decomposition of organic matter into CO₂, H₂O, and humus