What You Need to Know
During fermentation, lactose is converted by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus into lactic acid, lowering the pH to 4.5–5.0. The acidification destabilizes casein micelles, leading to curd formation while CO₂ and minor alcohols are produced by heterofermentative species. The resulting product is a thick, milky curd that is both preserved and flavorful.
The Science
Primary Reaction
C12H22O11 + 2 NAD+ → 2 CH3CH(OH)COOH + 2 NADH + 2 H+