What You Need to Know
The Maillard reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids at 140–165 °C generates melanoidins that deepen flavor while retaining about 80 % of vitamin C. Sautéing lean protein at 165 °C denatures myosin without excessive water loss, whereas temperatures above 180 °C cause protein coagulation and dryness. Steaming at 100 °C preserves >70 % of water‑soluble nutrients by limiting leaching, and emulsions formed at ambient 20 °C remain stable until temperatures exceed 40 °C, at which point phase separation occurs.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Maillard reaction