What You Need to Know
During heating, butter melts at ~100–110 °C, initiating water evaporation. Continued heating to 150–170 °C causes denaturation and Maillard browning of milk proteins and lactose, forming brown solids (khoa) that are removed. The remaining liquid fat is rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, with a smoke point around 250 °C.
The Science
Primary Reaction
Thermal separation and Maillard browning of milk solids