Centennial Review: Effects of vitamins A, D, E, and C on the chicken immune system
Bahram Shojadoost, Alexander Yitbarek, Mohammadali Alizadeh, Raveendra R. Kulkarni, Jake Astill, Nitish Boodhoo +1 more
Poultry Science
Abstract
Vitamins are nutritional elements which are necessary for essential activities such as development, growth, and metabolism of cells. In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses. By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated and antibody-mediated responses, immunoregulation, and antiinflammatory effects. Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines. In this article, the relationship between the chicken immune system and vitamins A, D, E, and C is reviewed, and evidence from the literature pertaining to how these vitamins exert their antiinflammatory, regulatory, and antimicrobial effects is discussed.
Extracted Claims
3 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system
“In addition to these conventional functions, vitamins A, D, E, and C have vital roles in normal function of the immune system as their deficiency is known to impair innate and adaptive host responses.”
supplementation of vitamins A, D, E, and C may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses to vaccines
“Furthermore, supplementation of these vitamins to poultry may assist the immune system to combat microbial pathogens while reducing detrimental effects associated with stress and enhancing responses t...”
vitamins A, D, E, and C influence the immune system by altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities
“By altering transcription of multiple immune system genes and contributing to antioxidant activities, these vitamins influence the immune system in different ways including modulation of cell-mediated...”