Zoonotic potential and prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars isolated from pets

Abstract

Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission. Each <i>Salmonella</i> serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning <i>Salmonella</i>-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for <i>Salmonella</i> spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.