Antibiotic Effects of Volatiles Produced by <i>Bacillus tequilensis</i> XK29 against the Black Spot Disease Caused by <i>Ceratocystis fimbriata</i> in Postharvest Sweet Potato

Abstract

Black spot disease caused by <i>Ceratocystis fimbriata</i> is destructive to the production, transportation, and storage of sweet potato. The antifungal effects of <i>Bacillus tequilensis</i> XK29 against <i>C. fimbriata</i> through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were evaluated in this study. The activated carbon assay proved that XK29 could exert antibiotic effects through volatiles. By optimizing the wheat seed weight, inoculation method, concentration, volume, and time, the antifungal activity of XK29 was significantly improved. XK29 fumigation inhibited spore formation and germination and changed the cell morphology of <i>C. fimbriata</i>. During the storage of sweet potato tuber roots, XK29 effectively controlled black spot disease and reduced the weight loss and malondialdehyde content. Metabolomic analysis revealed that 21 volatile compounds were released from XK29. Isovaleric acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-methylbutanoic acid effectively inhibited the growth of <i>C. fimbriata</i>. These results indicate that <i>B. tequilensis</i> XK29 has a good potential to be developed as a microbial fumigation agent.