Analysis of the probiotic characteristics and adaptability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010 to gastrointestinal environment by complete genome sequencing and corresponding phenotypes

Abstract

Here we aimed to explore some vital phenotypes and potential genes involved in probiotic functions and adaptive responses of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DMDL 9010 (LP9010), isolated from Chinese traditional naturally fermented paocai. We found that LP9010 showed good tolerance to simulated human gastrointestinal tract, self-coagulation and cholesterol-reducing abilities, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Comparative genomic analysis of six L. plantarum strains showed that LP9010 contained 392 unique genes. LP9010 genome possessed 281 genes related to carbohydrate transport and metabolism, including 138 sugar transporters and 60 phosphotransferase system enzymes. LP9010 contained high number (98) of carbohydrate-active enzymes especially glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases. Extensive stress-related proteins may help the survival of LP9010 under gastrointestinal environment including temperature, pH, bile, osmotic and oxidative stresses. Many surface or extracellular proteins identified in LP9010 can attribute to adhesion to various extracellular matrices or external environment. The plantaricin gene cluster of LP9010 showed high identity with that of the reference strain WCFS1. Three exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene clusters, two in the chromosome and one in Plasmid 2 were present in LP9010, and only one cluster was highly homologous to WCFS1. This study provided new insights into the probiotic properties and interaction with gastrointestinal environment of LP9010.