Identification markers of goat milk adulterated with bovine milk based on proteomics and metabolomics
Rongbo Fan, Shubin Xie, Shifeng Wang, Zhongna Yu, Xueheng Sun, Qijing Du +2 more
Food Chemistry X
Abstract
This study investigated the differences in proteins and metabolites from goat and bovine milk, and their mixtures, using data-independent-acquisition-based proteomics and metabolomics methods. In the skim milk, relative abundances of secretoglobin family 1D member (SCGB1D), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 were increased, with an increase in the amount of 1-100 % bovine milk and served as markers at the 1 % adulteration level. In whey samples, β-lactoglobulin and α-2-HS-glycoprotein could be used to detect adulteration at the 0.1 % adulteration level, and SCGB1D and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein at the 1 % level. The metabolites of uric acid and <i>N</i>-formylkynurenine could be used to detect bovine milk at adulteration levels as low as 1 % based on variable importance at a projection value of > 1.0 and P-value of < 0.05. Our findings suggest novel markers of SCGB1D, uric acid, and <i>N</i>-formylkynurenine that can help to facilitate assessments of goat milk authenticity.
Extracted Claims
3 claims extracted from this paper into the knowledge graph
uric acid and N-formylkynurenine could be used to detect bovine milk at adulteration levels as low as 1 %
“The metabolites of uric acid and N-formylkynurenine could be used to detect bovine milk at adulteration levels as low as 1 % based on variable importance at a projection value of > 1.0 and P-value of ...”
β-lactoglobulin and α-2-HS-glycoprotein could be used to detect adulteration at the 0.1 % adulteration level
“In whey samples, β-lactoglobulin and α-2-HS-glycoprotein could be used to detect adulteration at the 0.1 % adulteration level, and SCGB1D and zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein at the 1 % level.”
secretoglobin family 1D member (SCGB1D) increased relative abundance
“In the skim milk, relative abundances of secretoglobin family 1D member (SCGB1D), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor, and glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 were increased, with an increa...”