Opuntia ficus indica mucilage coatings regulate cell wall softening enzymes and delay the ripening of banana fruit stored at retail conditions

Abstract

Rapid ripening and softening due to cell wall polysaccharide degradation and disassembly pose major challenges in extending fruit storability. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of Opuntia ficus indica mucilage (OFIM) edible coating in minimizing softening in bananas under retail conditions. Mucilage was extracted from freshly harvested prickly pear cladodes and dried into a powder. Phenolic compounds in OFIM powder were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). OFIM concentrations (1, 2 and 3 % (w/v)) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties were examined. The prepared coatings were applied to harvested banana fruit by dipping and stored at room temperature for 12 days. During the experiment, several parameters were measured, including fruit weight loss, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), peel color, pulp firmness, ethylene production, respiration rate, ion leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll and carotenoids, chlorophyll-degrading enzymes, protopectin content and water-soluble pectin (WSP) and softening-related enzymes in the peel. Results showed that mucilage treatments effectively delayed cell wall and chlorophyll degradation, as well as carotenoid accumulation, thus inhibiting ripening-associated processes compared to control fruit. OFIM-treated fruit exhibited significantly higher firmness, chlorophyll content, and TA, lower TSS content, ethylene production, respiration rate, MDA concentration, ion leakage and protopectin content than uncoated fruit. This suggests that OFIM edible coating has the potential to maintain quality and extend the shelf life of bananas by suppressing softening enzymes during storage.