Four-dimensional food printing: A revolutionary approach to next-generation foods

Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) food printing is a cutting-edge technology that allows the creation of shape-shifting transformative food structures. This innovative approach to food design enables food scientists to craft edible creations that change form and texture over time, thereby providing a unique and dynamic dining experience. Beyond its novelty and aesthetic appeal, 4D food printing has practical applications that address pressing issues in the food industry. In this review, we explore the technology behind 4D food printing, food ink types, and other natural ingredients that can be programed to change shape with stimuli, and the possibilities and potential applications of 4D food printing, from tantalizing taste sensations to revolutionary solutions for food sustainability, and explore the