Mixture design approach for the compositional optimization of cereal grain and legume toward improved biological activity

Abstract

Whole grain and legume are increasingly recommended as part of a healthy diet due to their beneficial properties. Blending these seeds can enhance their overall bioactivity. However, optimal mixing ratios remain to be determined. This study aimed to determine the optimal blend ratio of cereal grain and legume with enhanced biological activity using a mixture design approach. Three seed cultivars–sorghum ( cv . Goeunchal), Italian millet ( cv . Samdachal), and black soybean ( cv . Soman)–were selected for their distinct compositional characteristics and potential lipase inhibitory activities. An optimal mixture was identified through response surface modeling, targeting maximized lipase inhibitory activity, along with improved antioxidant activity and extraction yield, and was validated by