By-product of green pea canning as a substrate for Propionibacterium freudenreichii fermentation to fortify bread with vitamin B12

Abstract

• Canned green pea by-product was fermented in situ to produce vitamin B12. • High vitamin B12 content (1374–1535 ng/g DM) was achieved in the fermented batter. • Wheat bread was fortified with fermented batter at 15 % and 20 % enrichment levels. • 40 to 70 g of enriched bread (32.0–52.3 ng/g B12) provided the recommended intake. • Fortified breads showed acceptable texture and volume. This study focused on upcycling the industrial by-product of canned green peas for the production of vitamin B12 by in-situ fermentation and subsequent bread fortification. The by-product, rich in protein (24.3 g/100 g dry matter, DM) and dietary fibre (33.2 g/100 g DM), was fermented with Propionibacterium freudenreichii DSM 20271, resulting in a significant vitamin B12 production (1374–1535 ng/g DM). The f