TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTE-FREE PROCESSING OF DAIRY PRODUCTS AND OTHER RAW MATERIALS OBTAINED FROM DAIRY COWS
D. Zhaksygalieva, А. Zhumayeva, А. Bekbusinova
Ġylym ža̋ne bìlìm
Abstract
This scientific article explores the waste-free processing technologies of dairy products and by-products derived from high-yield dairy cattle breeds. Waste-free processing is a modern approach aimed at enhancing both the environmental sustainability and economic efficiency of the agro-industrial sector. The study examines the types of secondary raw materials generated during milk processing—such as whey, skim milk, lactose, and milk fat residues—and analyzes their physicochemical properties and potential for reprocessing.The research focuses on the application of innovative technologies, including biotechnological methods (fermentation, enzymatic treatment), membrane processes (ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis), and drying techniques (freeze drying and spray drying). These technologies en