Health Claims for Protein Food Supplements for Athletes-The Analysis Is in Accordance with the EFSA's Scientific Opinion.

Abstract

Protein supplements are among the most popular, available and growing complementary products. Fraud related to the mislabeling, inaccurate analysis or declaration of ingredient quantities, and health claims not aligned with those approved by EFSA is high. This study aims to analyze the claims related to protein supplements in commercial messages. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the content and the degree to which health claims stated on the labeling or technical data sheets of protein supplements comply with those authorized by current European legislation and supported by existing scientific evidence. The products were searched for using Amazon and Google Shopping. Of the 209 health claims evaluated, 60 claims fully complied with the recommendations, representing 28.7% of the total (n = 209). In contrast, 12 claims in which the stated text did not conform to the health claims established by EFSA were identified, representing 5.7% of the total (n = 209). The most widely used unauthorized health claims on the market are those referring to "Post-workout recovery" (11.1%), followed by "Promotes muscle recovery (casein)" (9.5% each), referring to whey protein and casein, respectively. Of all the products analyzed in the study, 43.8% (n = 46) of the products made health claims not authorized by the EFSA. These findings suggest that the high-quality advertising of protein supplements should engage consumers, industry stakeholders, scientific research, and the European Food Safety Authority to ensure compliance with European regulations, provide accurate guidance for manufacturers, and protect consumer rights under current legislation.