A rapid and sustainable dispersive Micro-solid phase extraction method based on a novel Zn-NFoH sorbent for trace Lead(II) determination in food and water matrices.

Abstract

This study presents a green, very rapid, and efficient method for the sensitive determination of toxic trace lead (Pb(II)) that is based on a novel Zn-doped NiFe oxyhydroxide (Zn-NFoH) nanocomposite in a dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (dμSPE) procedure. The sorbent's, nanostructured morphology, and functional properties were confirmed by XRD, BET, FT-IR, and FE-SEM. Optimal conditions are requiring only 10 mg of sorbent and a rapid 60-s extraction time. The procedure demonstrated excellent analytical performance, achieving a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5 μg L-1, a preconcentration factor of 20, and high precision with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5.0%. The accuracy was rigorously validated using certified reference materials (TMDA-64.3 and NIST SRM 1577b). Its applications were performed to water and edible liver samples for the detection of lead(II).