[Determination of 38 antibiotic residues in honey by magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Abstract

Accurate antibiotic residue detection in honey is crucial for food safety and veterinary drug regulation in apiculture. Honey is a particularly challenging matrix. The high sugar content， strong viscosity， and pronounced matrix effects of the sample make it difficult to extract and detect target analytes effectively. Moreover， multiple antibiotics are used in beekeeping， while existing residue standards often provide incomplete coverage. These limitations highlight the urgent need for a robust and environmentally friendly multi-residue analytical method. In this study， a green and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 38 antibiotic residues， including chloramphenicol， quinolones， and sulfonamides， in honey. Sample preparation was based on magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction （MDSPE） using a mixed-mode hydrophilic-lipophilic balance （mHLB） magnetic sorbent. This sorbent combines hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions， enabling efficient extraction of chemically diverse antibiotics. Method optimization was performed systematically. A Plackett-Burman design was used to screen seven factors influencing extraction. The sorbent dosage， sample volume， and extraction time were identified as the most significant. These variables were further optimized by response surface methodology， which minimized the number of experimental runs while clarifying interactions among factors. The final protocol required only 10 mg of sorbent， 5 mL of sample extract， and 1 mL of methanol for elution. This miniaturized approach represents an environmentally sustainable method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Poroshell 120 SB-C18 column （100 mm×2.1 mm，2.7 μm） using a gradient of acidified methanol and water. Detection was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem